Studies and Research in Onomastics and Lexicology
Journal Title: Studies and Research in Onomastics and Lexicology (SCOL) Original Title: Studii şi cercetări de onomastică şi lexicologie (SCOL) Address: University of Craiova, 13-15 A.I. Cuza Street, 200585, Dolj, Romania ISSN: 2065-7161 ISSN online: 2247-7330 Frequency: Annual (1 Issue per Year) Type of publication: Scientific/Academic Indexing: ERIH+ Studies and Research in Onomastics and Lexicology (SCOL), an annual publication since 2008. As constant fields of interest for linguists, onomastics and lexicology reflect the unity and diversity of language, both synchronically and diachronically. In SCOL, the two domains are delimitated, although their interference is often obvious. The journal contains articles, book reviews and presentations, thus offering the opportunity for Romanian as well as foreign philologists (researchers, teachers, doctoral and master’s students) to highlight onomastic and lexicological issues in the European space. Under the heading Academica, one can find updated information on national and international scientific events, on topics related to onomastics, lexicology and terminology. Under the heading Recent publications, readers can find out the latest publications in these domains, as well as in related fields.
ˇEditura Universitaria, Craiova, România
How Food Affects Physical and Mental Development in People
Because it supplies the building blocks for healthy brain, body, and circulatory systems, nutrition is crucial to a person's maturation and development. At every age, from childhood and youth through adulthood and old age, healthy eating is essential. Growth, tissue repair, immunological function, brain development, and energy production are all aided by a balanced intake of water, carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. the role of nutrition in maturation and examines the impact of nutritional status on health and wellness as a whole. How macronutrients and micronutrients work biologically to keep the body running smoothly and to aid in growth and development. A child's physical development, mental maturation, and immune system are all greatly aided by a healthy diet in the early years. A person's capacity to develop, learn, function metabolically, and resist illness can be severely impaired by malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, or poor eating habits. Additionally, the effects of sedentary lifestyles, high intake of processed foods, and nutritional imbalance on human growth and development are covered in the study.
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The Problem of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics
A major public health concern in the modern period has been the rise of antibiotic resistance. This phenomenon happens when bacteria acquire the ability to persist and reproduce even when medications that were once helpful against illnesses are no longer used. Many illnesses have become more difficult to cure due to the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains caused by the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human healthcare, agriculture, and animal husbandry. investigates potential solutions to the problem of antibiotic resistance in bacteria by delving into its causes, effects, and molecular mechanisms. the part played by bacterial adaptability, biofilm formation, genetic mutations, and horizontal gene transfer in the emergence of resistance. Discussed as serious dangers to healthcare systems around the world are common resistant bacteria such drug-resistant Escherichia coli, multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The effects of antibiotic resistance on healthcare expenditures, mortality, rates of hospitalization, and illness management are also examined in the article.
Viral Diseases and Global Public Health Challenges
The fast transmission, extensive outbreaks, and substantial effects on human health, economics, and healthcare systems make viral illnesses among the most grave dangers to world public health. Microorganisms known as viruses rely on cells in their hosts to replicate and stay alive. Major epidemics and pandemics have occurred throughout history due to virus-borne diseases like influenza, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, dengue, hepatitis, and COVID-19. the ins and outs of viral diseases from a biological perspective and examines the worldwide public health issues linked to managing, preventing, and controlling these infections. The study of viral structure, replication, transmission, and replication processes with an emphasis on how urbanization, climate change, international travel, and population density contribute to the fast spread of viral illnesses. Additionally, it delves into how vaccine reluctance, disinformation, weak healthcare systems, and restricted access to medical resources contribute to the global burden of viral infections. how widespread viral outbreaks impact communities and nations socially, economically, and psychologically.
In the Field of Medical Microbiology: New Developments
The fast-growing discipline of medical microbiology investigates the microbes that cause human illness and looks for ways to diagnose, prevent, and treat it. New diagnostic tools, antimicrobial treatments, genetic studies, and healthcare solutions based on biotechnology have emerged as a result of recent scientific and technological developments, which have profoundly altered medical microbiology. examines the current and future directions of medical microbiology and how they will affect healthcare delivery, illness prevention, and public health. scientific advancements including microbiome investigations, molecular diagnostics, PCR, genomic sequencing, AI for microbial analysis, research on antibiotic resistance, vaccine creation, and artificial intelligence. The demand for quick diagnostic tools and cutting-edge treatment strategies has been magnified by the proliferation of new infectious illnesses, MDR-pathogens, and worldwide pandemics. the expanding role of immunotherapy, nanotechnology, bioinformatics, and individualized medicine in the study and treatment of microbes.
Approaches and Difficulties in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions using the Chemistry of Carbon Capture
Because carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are a major contributor to climate change and global warming, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is crucial for mitigating these impacts. chemical components of CO2 removal from air and industrial pollutants, with a focus on the many techniques used for this purpose. These techniques, which include oxy-fuel combustion procedures, post-combustion, and pre-combustion, use chemical solvents, adsorbents, and membranes to withdraw CO2. potential novel approaches to the large-scale removal of CO2, such as direct air capture (DAC) and biological technology. Despite technological advancements, other challenges, such as energy demands, cost, scalability, and long-term storage stability, continue to impede the widespread adoption of CCS. Social and environmental acceptability, regulatory and legislative frameworks, and other related subjects are also covered. The potential of carbon capture as a significant strategy in the global battle against climate change and the reduction of CO2 emissions can be better understood by examining these approaches and barriers.
The Role of Ionic Liquids in Industrial and Chemical Processes
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a type of salt that has recently attracted a lot of attention because of its outstanding thermal stability, low volatility, and exceptional solvation capabilities. There are numerous chemical and industrial processes that can benefit from ILs because of their many favorable features. the effects of ionic liquids on chemical processes, especially as environmentally friendly solvents, catalysts, and carriers of various substances. The usage of ILs can reduce energy consumption and hazardous waste while improving selectivity, response rates, and operational sustainability. Their ability to dissolve both polar and nonpolar substances has numerous uses, including electrochemistry, biomass processing, and catalysis. The article goes on to discuss the current research underway to find solutions to the problems associated with ILs, including their price, toxicity, and non-recyclability, as well as their performance in industrial settings. This section of the article focuses on the role of ionic liquids in developing greener and more efficient chemical processes that may find use in renewable energy, medicines, and petrochemicals.
Organic Catalysis: Workings, Uses, and Emerging Directions
Catalysis is an important technique in organic chemistry because it can accelerate chemical reactions, make them more selective, and simplify industrial processes. A wide range of organic transformations are explored in this comprehensive study of catalysis, which covers topics such as the mechanics of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems. Enzymes, organocatalysts, or metal-based catalysts enable a wide variety of processes, including hydrogenation, oxidation, polymerization, and catalytic isomerization. The pharmaceutical and petrochemical sectors, among others, are significantly impacted by these catalysts. the growing interest in environmentally friendly catalysis, which seeks to develop long-term catalytic processes that minimize damage to the planet by cutting down on energy use and waste. Nanocatalysts, biocatalysis's incorporation with more traditional technology, and the creation of more effective catalysts are also addressed. These developments show promise for enhancing the selectivity, efficiency, and sustainability of chemical processes; they may also pave the way for new applications in the production of renewable energy sources, fine chemicals, and biofuels. talking about the opportunities and challenges of catalysis as a field, highlighting its critical role in organic chemistry's advancement and meeting the demands of a sustainable future.
Green Chemistry: Sustainable Approaches in Chemical Synthesis and Industrial Applications
A lot of people are curious about "green chemistry" these days; this field aims to create chemical products and processes that use less or no toxic substances. environmentally friendly methods of chemical synthesis and their practical uses in industry, with a focus on cost-effective waste reduction strategies. Learn about renewable feedstocks, energy efficiency, waste reduction, and safer solvent applications—the four cornerstones of green chemistry—as they relate to chemical processes in industry in this article. Green catalytic processes have recently seen a plethora of advancements, such as new catalysts that utilize less energy while producing more. Since current methods in these large-scale commercial applications produce enormous amounts of waste and resources, the pharmaceutical, polymer, and energy production industries are ideal candidates for green chemistry. Use of case studies to illustrate effective green chemistry initiatives emphasizes sustainable chemical synthesis, process intensification, and waste reduction. Finally, we will discuss the challenges and possible solutions related to green chemistry application in the corporate sector. To build a chemical industry that is less harmful to the environment, it demands constant innovation, support from regulators, and collaboration between public and private organizations.
Novel Nanomaterials: Production, Characteristics, and Catalytic Uses
There has been a lot of recent interest in nanomaterials due to their remarkable properties, which are a consequence of their small size, vast surface area, and enhanced reactivity compared to bulk materials. Their exceptional characteristics make them useful in various applications; one of the most prominent is catalysis, where they shorten reaction durations, improve selectivity, and lower energy demands. about the most recent developments in the production, properties, and uses of nanomaterials in catalytic processes. Chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel techniques, and hydrothermal synthesis are some of the methods for synthesizing nanomaterials that are discussed, with an emphasis on controlling their size, shape, and surface characteristics to tailor their catalytic behavior. In order to enhance selectivity and catalytic activity, researchers are exploring the reactive intermediate stabilization capabilities, quantum effects, and high surface-to-volume ratios of nanomaterials. The utilization of nanomaterials is on the rise in numerous fields, including catalysis. Fuel cells and hydrogen generation are two examples of energy production methods; pollutant degradation and CO₂ capture are two examples of environmental protection methods; and polymerization and fine chemical synthesis are two examples of methods used in the chemical industry. this ever-changing field, as well as concerns about the stability, cost-effectiveness, and scalability of catalysts derived from nanomaterials. Nanomaterial advancements may one day allow for a radical rethinking of catalytic processes, opening the door to more efficient, sustainable, and environmentally benign chemical reactions.
Investigation of Electrochemical Reactions for Energy Conversion and Storage
Electrochemical processes are foundational to many cutting-edge energy storage and conversion technologies; they are also critical to the development of sustainable, efficient, and long-lasting renewable energy systems. the significance of electrochemical reactions in energy conversion procedures, such as electrolysis, and energy storage systems, such as fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. The fundamental ideas of electrochemical reactions, such as electron transport, ion mobility, and redox processes, are explored in this article with the aim of increasing the capacity, efficiency, and lifetime of energy storage. the latest innovations in electrochemistry, demonstrating success with high-performance supercapacitors and electrochemical capacitors, as well as progress in battery chemistry, encompassing flow, solid-state, and lithium-ion batteries. The article also discusses electrochemical energy conversion methods, with an eye on how these can pave the way for greener, more sustainable power generation. Hydrogen synthesis using water electrolysis and power generation using fuel cells are two examples of these techniques. As an added bonus, we supply solutions that are efficient, scalable, durable, and inexpensive. Finally, the study demonstrates that electrochemical processes are critical for building highly efficient, scalable energy systems and for generating worldwide sustainable energy solutions.
New Methods for Filtering Water and the Effects of Chemical Pollutants on the Environment
When chemical pollutants make it into water sources, they constitute a serious danger to ecosystems and people. Untreated effluent, agricultural runoff, and industrial waste contaminating freshwater resources has many detrimental effects, including worsening water quality, increasing the prevalence of water-borne illnesses, and posing serious dangers to aquatic ecosystems. hazardous substances, particularly those that have a history of affecting the endocrine system, such as heavy metals, pesticides, medications, and others with a comparable profile. Worse yet, these contaminants bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms, posing a threat to public and environmental health in the long run. Furthermore, the essay explores the subject of new water filtering methods that are being developed to lessen the effect of these contaminants. Bioremediation, membrane filtration, nanotechnology, and improved oxidation processes are just a few of the new and promising methods for purifying dirty water. Developed or underdeveloped countries do not matter when it comes to solutions that are scalable, affordable, and sustainable. challenges that can arise from using these technologies, including power needs, waste management, and secondary pollution. This study examines the present and future of water purification, drawing attention to the urgent need for innovative approaches to counteract the growing threat of chemical contamination to our precious water supplies.
The Intersection of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry via Chemical Reactions in Living Systems
Metabolic processes, gene expression, and signal transduction are all vital to biological systems that depend on chemical reactions for their power. The intricate molecular connections observed in living things are greatly influenced by the principles of biochemistry and organic chemistry. There are many different kinds of reactions that organic compounds can go through in these areas, and the end result is either new molecules or the modification or breakdown of existing ones. chemical reactions play an essential role in living systems, and they are connected to organic and biochemical processes. We examine enzymatic catalysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and DNA/RNA synthesis, three crucial physiological processes, and discuss how organic chemistry governs them. New knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that drive these events has opened doors to better treatments, metabolic engineering, and pharmaceutical discovery. Furthermore, the study delves into the challenges of comprehending biological chemical reactions, encompassing their intricate nature and the constantly evolving environment in which they transpire. In order to bridge the gap between organic chemistry and biochemistry, this study emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary research in obtaining a molecular understanding of life and its applications in health, sickness, and biotechnology.
Bacteria and Their Useful Applications in the Food Industry
Bacteria are essential to the food industry because they help with several processes, including production, fermentation, preservation, flavoring, and nutritional improvement. While certain bacteria are dangerous and can lead to illnesses or food spoiling, many helpful bacteria have favorable biological and biochemical features and are therefore extensively used in industrial food preparation. This study takes a look at the ways bacteria are useful in the food industry and how they contribute to food safety, productivity, and people's health. bacteria's function in the fermentation processes that provide foods and drinks like curd, yogurt, cheese, pickles, vinegar, bread, and fermented drinks. The significance of lactic acid bacteria, such as Streptococcus and Lactobacillus species, in enhancing the nutritional content, texture, flavor, and shelf life of food is highlighted. In addition to discussing probiotic foods, enzymes, food preservation, and biotechnology-based food processing, the article delves into the various uses of bacteria in these areas.
The Design and Implementation of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for the Conservation of Urban Water Resources
In order to solve the growing water scarcity in metropolitan areas, rainwater harvesting, also known as RWH, has evolved as a solution that is both effective and sustainable. Conventional water resources have been subjected to substantial strain as a result of rapid urbanization, population growth, and rising demand for water. As a result, alternative water management measures have become vital. This design and installation of rainwater harvesting systems for the purpose of implementing urban sustainability initiatives. There are many different components that make up RWH systems, like as catchment regions, conveyance systems, filtering units, storage structures, and recharge mechanisms. For example, rainfall patterns, roof characteristics, water demand, and site circumstances are some of the aspects that are taken into consideration when analyzing the various design options. The effectiveness and efficacy of runoff harvesting systems in urban contexts, including those installed on rooftops and on surfaces. Various areas of implementation, including system installation, maintenance procedures, and cost considerations, are explored in order to guarantee that the implementation is applicable in practice. Rainwater harvesting plays an important role in lowering reliance on groundwater, limiting the effects of urban flooding, and increasing the amount of water that is available for residential and non-potable applications such as irrigation.
The Response of High-Strength Concrete to Very High Stresses
Thanks to its improved mechanical qualities, such as high compressive strength, reduced permeability, and durability, high-strength concrete (HSC) has become an important material in contemporary building. A crucial area of research, however, is how it behaves when subjected to high temperatures, blast loads, seismic pressures, and impact loads. Under these harsh circumstances, this research looks on the structural reaction and failure features of HSC. Comparison of HSC to regular concrete with regard to stress-strain behavior, cracking patterns, and failure modes. To evaluate it in situations of high-intensity, dynamic loading, both experimental and numerical methods are used. By simulating real-world conditions and capturing nonlinear material behavior, advanced modeling approaches, such as finite element analysis, are employed. The results show that high-strength concrete (HSC) has greater strength and stiffness than regular concrete, but it is more brittle and can break suddenly under specific stresses. When it comes to applications that require energy absorption and deformation capability, such earthquake-resistant constructions, the lower ductility of HSC presents a barrier. Fiber reinforcement and hybrid materials that increase toughness and ductility are solutions to this problem.
A Sustainable Approach to Soil Stabilization Through the Use of Industrial Waste Materials
Improving the strength, durability, and overall performance of weak or problematic soils is the primary goal of soil stabilization, an essential civil engineering practice. The use of recyclable and non-hazardous industrial waste in soil stabilization has been more popular as a green and economical option in recent years. the possibility of improving soil qualities using a variety of industrial waste materials, including fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, ash from rice husks, and trash from building and demolition. The efficiency of these substances in enhancing important soil properties, such as bearing capacity, shear strength, compaction, and permeability. To evaluate the effectiveness of stabilized soils in various environments, studies are carried out both in the lab and through experimental analysis. The physical and chemical interactions between garbage and soil that help to strengthen the binding and lessen the flexibility of the soil. By encouraging the reuse of waste goods, the integration of industrial waste materials not only improves soil stability but also decreases environmental contamination. Construction expenses and carbon emissions can be reduced with the use of these materials since they reduce the demand for conventional stabilizers like lime and cement. By decreasing landfill disposal and saving natural resources, the use of such trash also contributes to sustainable development.
Using Numerical Models and Remote Sensing Data, We Can Evaluate the Stability of Slopes
In areas vulnerable to soil erosion and landslides, geotechnical engineers must prioritize slope stability assessments. The security of infrastructure and the reduction of economic and environmental damages depend on precise assessments of slope behavior. the evaluation of slope stability by means of state-of-the-art numerical modeling approaches combined with data collected via remote sensing. numerical techniques, including finite element and limit equilibrium analysis, to model the behavior of slopes under different circumstances, such as changes in soil qualities, groundwater levels, and external loading. Terrain features, land use, vegetation cover, and moisture conditions can be better understood with the help of geographic information systems (GIS) and satellite photography, two examples of remote sensing tools. A thorough and data-driven evaluation of slope stability is made possible by integrating these technologies. In order to determine possible areas of failure and the likelihood of landslides, important factors such rainfall patterns, slope geometry, soil stratification, and factor of safety are examined. How early warning systems and real-time monitoring can improve slope management.
Evaluation of Urban Air Pollution Control Measures
The fast industrialization, urbanization, and increase of vehicle emissions have made air pollution a huge public health and environmental problem in cities. Damage to ecosystems, human health, and the standard of living as a whole is a direct result of air pollution. this study aims to investigate the efficacy and sustainability of different air pollution management measures applied in metropolitan settings. Transportation, industry, building, and household emissions are some of the main causes of urban air pollution that the study investigates. Emission limits, public transit advocacy, cleaner fuel usage, green infrastructure development, and cutting-edge pollution control technology are some of the control approaches examined. Changes in air quality indicators such particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO) are evaluated using data from monitoring stations, satellite observations, and environmental reports. The report also highlights the benefits and drawbacks of regulatory systems and policy measures that try to lower pollution levels. The importance of public knowledge, urban planning, and technology advancements in enhancing air quality is highlighted. Best practices and effective methods are identified through comparative examination of different urban locations.
Marginal Discourse and Strategies of Textual Resistance in the Postcolonial Algerian Novel
Textual marginalia are an ancient typographical phenomenon that has appeared across various forms of discourse and literary genres. They constitute one of the paratextual elements that facilitate the understanding, interpretation, and reconstruction of a text through renewed readings. Marginal discourse has become one of the prominent features of contemporary Arabic narrative, although it appeared only modestly in earlier narrative texts. As a manifestation of literary experimentation and modernity, marginal discourse seeks to revive an adjacent text that interacts with the main body through dialogue, intertextuality, imagination, and the representation of background knowledge and cultural references. Through these references, the writer invites readers to participate in decoding and reconstructing the text after unraveling its cultural, referential, and artistic codes. This parallel discourse also aims to broaden the reader's horizon and transcend the conventional boundaries of the text.
Architectural Solutions for Affordable and Long-Lasting Communities in Resilient Urban Housing
Rapid urbanization, population growth, climate change, and rising social and economic inequality have made the need for cheap, long-lasting, and strong housing even greater around the world. There are a lot of problems in many cities, like not enough homes, bad infrastructure, damage to the environment, and more people being at risk of flooding, heatwaves, earthquakes, and storms. Most of the time, traditional housing models do not deal with these complicated issues. This shows how important it is to come up with new ways to build homes that are both affordable and good for the environment and the climate. Resilient urban housing has become a complete solution that makes communities better able to handle environmental, economic, and social problems while also providing safe, welcoming, and resource-efficient places to live. Architectural solutions for building strong urban housing that helps make communities affordable and long-lasting. It looks at some of the most important ideas in resilient housing design, such as architecture that adapts to changing climates, energy-efficient building systems, sustainable building materials, modular and prefabricated construction, passive design strategies, water conservation, integrating renewable energy, and disaster-resistant structural systems. How digital technologies like Building Information Modeling (BIM), Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and smart building management systems can help make homes better at using resources wisely and lasting a long time.
Literary Critical Theory in al-Andalus between Innovation and Tradition: Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi as a Model
Throughout its long history, al-Andalus witnessed a rich literary, linguistic, and critical movement. At times, this movement reflected complete dependence on the literary and scholarly activity of the Mashriq, while at other times it represented an attempt to assert its own identity and a tendency toward establishing a distinct literary and intellectual achievement in the face of the increasingly dominant and expansive Mashriqi influence. This concern constituted a persistent dilemma for Andalusian writers and intellectuals, who frequently voiced their complaints about this Eastern cultural invasion and about the inclination toward submission and dependence among the general population of al-Andalus, including common people, writers, and thinkers. Ibn Hazm al-Zahiri represents one of the prominent figures of Arab-Islamic thought, literature, and philosophy. He was a polymath scholar and the author of an extensive intellectual legacy in the fields of legal theory, jurisprudence, language, literature, history, and logic. In addition, he was a critic distinguished by exceptional originality, uniqueness, and controversy among Andalusian critics, despite not being widely recognized as a leading literary critic within Andalusian critical circles and despite not having devoted independent works specifically to his critical views and insights. His critical opinions constitute a significant exercise in critical reasoning, making it difficult for most scholars of literary criticism to overlook them or refrain from examining them and exploring their intellectual and philosophical foundations.
New Trends in Digital Fabrication and Complex Building Forms in Parametric Design and Computational Architecture
The quick growth of digital technologies has totally changed the way buildings are designed. Now, it is possible to build new, highly efficient, and geometrically complex structures that were impossible to imagine or build the old way. Because they combine algorithmic thinking, computational modeling, and digital fabrication, parametric design and computational architecture are very useful tools that have changed the way we make and build things. Parametric design, on the other hand, sets up changing connections between design factors, which is different from traditional design methods. This lets architects use computer programs to create, change, and make better a lot of different design options. It is now easier to make architectural solutions that are responsive, flexible, and focused on performance thanks to this feature. It has also helped with getting the designs right, building quickly, and making the best use of the materials. What role do computational architecture and parametric design play in shaping new trends in digital manufacturing and building shapes that are hard to understand? the main ideas behind generative algorithms, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Building Performance Simulation (BPS), and digital fabrication technologies such as 3D printing, CNC machining, robotic construction, and parametric modeling. This study looks into how these technologies help with designing and building complex geometries, make construction more accurate, reduce waste, and support green building practices.
The Endings of the Seven Mu‘allaqāt – A Descriptive and Analytical Study –
This study aims to examine the endings of the Seven Mu‘allaqāt by investigating the extent to which they achieve the quality sought by classical critics and conform to the general pre-Islamic literary taste. To this end, the study identifies the dominant theme of each Mu‘allaqa and considers its formal aspects as well, in order to determine whether the ending is appropriate to the subject matter. It then evaluates these endings in terms of both form and content.
Universal Design Principles in Public Architecture: Making Built Environments More Accessible and Open to Everyone
The rising focus on human rights, equal opportunities, and social inclusion has had a big impact on modern architecture, drawing more attention to the creation of buildings that are accessible and include everyone. People of all ages and abilities need to be able to access education, healthcare, transportation, government services, recreation, and cultural activities equally. Public buildings and urban spaces are very important for making this possible. But many public places still have physical, emotional, and mental barriers that make it hard for people to participate on their own, especially disabled people, older adults, children, and people who are temporarily unable to move around. Universal Design is a broad approach to architecture that aims to get rid of these problems by making spaces that are safe, usable, and convenient for everyone, without the need for special modifications or separate design solutions. putting Universal Design ideas into practice in public architecture, with a focus on making spaces more accessible and welcoming for everyone. this book talks about the ideas behind Universal Design and how they can be used in public buildings, transportation hubs, schools, hospitals, government offices, parks, and other places people like to hang out.
The ḥammām as a Cultural Heritage: Comparative Perspectives on Architectural Terminology and Cultural Practices in the Mediterranean and Central Asian Contexts of Tlemcen and Bukhara
This article examines the ḥammām as both an architectural institution and a space of cultural memory through a comparative study of bathhouses in Tlemcen (Algeria) and Bukhara (Uzbekistan). While previous research has primarily focused on construction techniques, hydraulic systems, urban integration, and typological classifications, less attention has been paid to how architectural terminology, spatial experience, and cultural practices interact in the production and transmission of collective memory. The central problem guiding this research is how the architectural terms related to the bathhouse reflect distinct conceptions of space. and how this terminology contributes to the preservation of cultural memory within Islamic societies? The study adopts a qualitative interdisciplinary methodology combining architectural history, phenomenology, lexical analysis, and ethnographic inquiry. The research corpus comprises historical descriptions, endowment documents, architectural surveys, archeological studies, historical dictionaries, dialect vocabularies, ethnographic descriptions, and scholarly works on Islamic bathhouses in the Mediterranean and Central Asian regions. The ethnographic dimension of the study draws on oral testimonies and vernacular narratives related to bathing practices, popular beliefs, ritual traditions and collective memory associated with the traditional bathhouse. The comparative analysis reveals that, despite geographical distance and regional variations, the bathhouses of Tlemcen and Bukhara share a common spatial logic structured around a progressive sequence of transitional spaces linking cold, warm, and hot spaces. Movement through these spaces creates a gradual transformation of bodily and sensory experience, while architectural elements such as domes, filtered light, water basins, and intermediary thresholds contribute to a symbolic process of purification as a fluid and dynamic environment in which circulation, visibility, and ritual practices are as important as architecture itself. Beyond its physical organization, the ḥammām emerges as a significant space of cultural memory. Ritual practices, oral narratives, popular beliefs, life-cycle ceremonies, and vernacular language preserve and transmit collective memory across generations. In both Tlemcen and Bukhara, the bathhouses operate as a liminal space mediating multiple oppositions, including purity and impurity, private and collective life, everyday practice and sacred symbolism. The study argues that architectural vocabulary constitutes an integral component of intangible cultural heritage because it encodes local understandings of space, social relations, and embodied experience. By integrating spatial analysis with linguistic anthropology and memory studies, this research highlights the importance of preserving not only historic bathhouse structures but also the linguistic and cultural traditions through which their meanings continue to be interpreted, transmitted, and remembered.
Climate-Responsive Architecture Uses Passive Design Methods to Save Energy in Tropical Areas.
The need for sustainable architectural solutions has grown because of rising energy costs, rapid urbanization, and the effects of climate change. This is especially true in tropical areas where high temperatures, humidity, and solar radiation make cooling and ventilation very energy intensive. Conventional building designs often rely too much on mechanical air conditioning systems, which raises the cost of running the building and releases a lot of greenhouse gases. By using passive design methods to adapt building design to local climate conditions, climate-responsive architecture has become a popular way to cut down on energy use. Passive design strategies make indoor temperatures more comfortable by using natural resources like sunlight, wind, plants, and thermal mass. They do this while reducing the need for artificial energy systems. how passive design techniques used in climate-responsive architecture can help people in tropical areas save energy. It talks about important architectural strategies like courtyard planning, roof design, landscape integration, natural ventilation, daylight optimization, solar shading, thermal insulation, building orientation, and using sustainable building materials that are available in the area.
Digital Transformation Strategies as an Approach to Achieving Outstanding Performance in Higher Education Institutions: A Perspective on Implementation Requirements and Stages of Advancement
This study aims to highlight the pivotal role that digital transformation plays in shaping the features of outstanding performance within higher education institutions, in light of rapidly evolving technological challenges. The research problem lies in how to transition universities from traditional models to an integrated digital environment that ensures efficiency and organizational effectiveness. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to review the concepts of digital transformation and its dimensions, while identifying the strategic steps and essential stages required to enhance institutional performance toward excellence. The findings indicate that digital transformation is not merely a replacement of technological tools; rather, it is a comprehensive reengineering of academic and administrative processes that requires robust infrastructure and qualified human competencies. The study also attempts to highlight examples from some leading countries.
Audit Committee Characteristics and Audit Quality
The audit committee plays a pivotal role in strengthening corporate governance by overseeing financial reporting, internal controls, risk management, and the external audit process. The effectiveness of an audit committee largely depends on its characteristics, including independence, financial expertise, committee size, meeting frequency, and diligence, which collectively influence the quality of auditing and the reliability of financial reporting. This study examines the relationship between audit committee characteristics and audit quality by evaluating how these governance attributes affect auditor independence, financial reporting quality, internal control effectiveness, and stakeholder confidence. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to audit committee members, external auditors, internal auditors, finance managers, and corporate executives across selected organizations. Appropriate statistical techniques were used to analyze the relationship between audit committee characteristics and audit quality. audit committees with greater independence, higher levels of financial expertise, regular meetings, and active oversight significantly improve audit quality by strengthening auditor independence, enhancing internal controls, reducing financial reporting errors, and promoting compliance with regulatory requirements. Furthermore, effective audit committees contribute to improved corporate transparency, reduced fraud risk, and greater investor confidence. The study concludes that well-structured audit committees are essential for ensuring high-quality auditing and effective corporate governance. The findings provide valuable insights for corporate boards, regulators, policymakers, audit professionals, and researchers seeking to strengthen governance frameworks through effective audit committee practices
The Effects of Generative AI Assistance on Receptive Discourse Analysis: A Study of First-Year French as a Foreign Language (FFL) Students at the University of Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria
Receptive discourse analysis examines the processes through which readers construct meaning from a text. The rapid development of generative AI conversational assistants is reshaping these processes by introducing algorithmic mediation between the reader and the text. This study, conducted with 77 first-year students of French as a Foreign Language (FFL) in the Department of French at Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University of Bordj Bou Arréridj, compares the effects of two instructional conditions across four dimensions assessed using an analytical rubric. The findings indicate that generative AI assistance enhances linguistic decoding while diminishing inferential skills and language autonomy. The article discusses these effects and explores pedagogical strategies for achieving a balanced integration of generative AI into university language teaching.
Smart Computers and Building Information Modeling (BIM) Are Altering How Buildings Are Planned and Built.
There is a big digital change happening in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry because AI and Building Information Modeling (BIM) are being used together. Traditional architectural design and construction processes often face challenges such as fragmented project coordination, design inefficiencies, cost overruns, construction delays, and inadequate lifecycle management. When AI and BIM come together, they create a game-changing solution that makes it easier for people to work together, speeds up complicated tasks, helps people make better decisions, and raises the performance of buildings throughout the whole project lifecycle. AI-enabled BIM is changing how buildings are planned, designed, built, run, and managed by combining smart data analysis with digital building models. artificial intelligence and building information modeling are changing the way buildings are designed and built. machine learning, computer vision, generative design, natural language processing, predictive analytics, robotics, and intelligent automation are some of the AI technologies that are being used in the construction business.
The Principle of Proportionality vis-à-vis Military Necessity
The principle of proportionality (PP) is considered one of the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law (IHL). It serves as the standard for balancing the requirements of humanity with military necessity. Any military advantage achieved must not come at the expense of humanitarian considerations. Violating this principle causes unjustified harm to humanity and results in suffering that cannot be legally or morally justified. Accordingly, parties to an armed conflict must adhere to the principle of proportionality to ensure that humanitarian considerations take precedence over any military advantage that may be achieved.
An Evaluation of the Toxicological Effects of Microplastics on Marine Invertebrates
As a result of the alarming proliferation of microplastics in marine environments, particularly among the invertebrates that are essential to aquatic food webs, there has been an increase in the number of concerns regarding the ecological and toxicological effects of microplastics. According to the most recent scientific findings and observations made in the field, the effects of microplastics on a number of different invertebrate species found in the ocean, such as mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms, and cnidarians, are being investigated. Due to the fact that microplastics are so small and persistent, filter feeders and deposit feeders are able to easily consume them. This in turn leads to bioaccumulation and trophic transmission. This can have a knock-on effect on development, progeny, and survival rates, since it can cause physical blockages, lower feeding efficiency, and poor energy allocation. These are some of the detrimental effects that they can have after being digested. In organisms, exposure to microplastics can result in oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, disruption of the endocrine system, and genotoxicity. This is due to the fact that microplastics act as vectors for harmful additives and contaminants that are adsorbed onto them, such as heavy metals and persistent organic compounds. According to comparative research, the majority of the factors that determine vulnerability are feeding strategies and physiological characteristics that are tailored to a particular species. Bivalves and zooplankton are particularly susceptible to extinction. Alterations in behavior, changes in enzyme activity, and suppression of the immune system are all examples of sublethal repercussions that could put the functioning of the ecosystem and the stability of the population in jeopardy. The findings of this analysis indicate the important need for standardized testing procedures, improved monitoring of microplastic contamination, and the incorporation of ecotoxicological data into marine management plans by merging toxicological findings across taxonomic groups. Microplastics are more than simply pollutants; they are novel toxicological stressors that jeopardize marine biodiversity and the lifespan of ocean ecosystems, according to the findings, which add to the growing body of data showing microplastics are more significant than pollutants.
The Rhetoric of Persuasion in Qur'anic Discourse: Surah Al-Ma'un as a Model
This research seeks to explore the mechanisms of the rhetoric of persuasion in Qur'anic discourse, taking Surah Al-Ma'un as an applied model, through a rhetorical-argumentative approach that transcends the purely aesthetic view of rhetoric to consider it as a persuasive communicative act aimed at the receiver. The research is based on the hypothesis that Qur'anic inimitability (I'jaz) is not only manifested in the aesthetics of composition, but also in its superior ability to employ rhetorical and argumentative energies to build a coherent persuasive discourse that reshapes the receiver's worldview. The theoretical aspect focuses on rooting the concept of the rhetoric of persuasion in both Arab and Western heritage, distinguishing between persuasion and argumentation, with a focus on argumentation theory in the New Rhetoric. The applied aspect analyzes Surah Al-Ma'un phonetically, morphologically, syntactically, and semantically, revealing its synergistic persuasive strategies, such as the oath structure, syntactic shifts, the technique of contrast-based imagery, pronoun shifts, and rhythmic engineering. The research concludes that Surah Al-Ma'un represents a unique model of condensed persuasive discourse that achieves its goal through the synergy of rhetorical, argumentative, and aesthetic mechanisms, transcending mere information to profoundly impact the mind and conscience
Butterfly Diversity in Tropical Forests and the Impact of Habitat Fragmentation
Major factors of habitat fragmentation, including deforestation, agricultural expansion, and urbanization, provide a significant threat to the biodiversity of tropical ecosystems. Butterflies are particularly vulnerable to the destruction and fragmentation of forest ecosystems due to their role as sensitive bioindicators of climate change. Field surveys, species richness evaluations, and landscape ecology frameworks were utilized in this study to investigate how habitat fragmentation affects butterfly diversity in tropical forests. Fragmentation drastically lowers community composition, species richness, and abundance. This is most harmful to butterflies that are specialists or rely on forests for their survival. Reduced functional diversity and biotic homogeneity may result from fragmented landscapes supporting more edge-adapted and generalist species. Important ecological processes such as dispersal, host plant availability, and microclimatic stability are disrupted, altering species interactions and reducing the likelihood of specialized species' survival.